MARYLAND BIRTH INJURY LAWYER

Birth injuries can result from complications during labor and delivery and, in some cases, medical negligence. Some of the most common birth injuries families face in Maryland include:

• Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE): A serious brain injury caused by oxygen deprivation during labor or delivery. HIE can result in long-term disability or death.
• Cerebral Palsy: A neurological condition that affects movement, muscle tone, and coordination. It can result from oxygen deprivation, brain trauma, infection, or HIE during birth.
• Perinatal Asphyxia: Occurs when a baby does not receive enough oxygen before, during, or shortly after birth, potentially leading to brain damage or organ failure.
• Brachial Plexus Injuries (Erb’s Palsy & Klumpke’s Palsy): Nerve injuries affecting the arm and hand, often caused by excessive traction or shoulder dystocia during delivery.
• Bone Fractures: The clavicle (collarbone) is often fractured during difficult deliveries, such as breech births or those involving forceps or vacuum assistance.
• Facial Nerve Damage (Bell’s Palsy): Pressure during delivery, especially with forceps, can cause temporary or permanent facial paralysis.
• Intracranial Hemorrhage: Bleeding in the brain caused by birth trauma, sometimes associated with assisted deliveries.
• Cephalohematoma: A collection of blood between the skull and its covering membrane, often linked to vacuum or forceps use.
• Caput Succedaneum: Scalp swelling caused by prolonged pressure during labor.
• Spinal Cord Injuries: Though rare, serious spinal injuries can occur from excessive traction or improper use of delivery tools.

Early signs and symptoms of a birth injury can vary depending on the type and severity of the injury. Some symptoms may appear right away, while others can take weeks or months to become noticeable. Key signs to watch for include:

Immediate Signs (at Birth or Shortly After)

• Low Apgar Scores: A low Apgar score (especially if it remains low at 5 and 10 minutes) may indicate oxygen deprivation or other complications.
• Weak or Absent Reflexes: Poor reflexes, such as a weak grasp or startle response, can be a sign of neurological issues.
• Seizures: Seizures occurring within the first 48 hours may indicate brain injury, oxygen deprivation, or intracranial hemorrhage.
• Muscle Stiffness or Floppiness: Hypertonia (stiff muscles) or hypotonia (floppy muscles) could suggest nerve or brain damage.
• Difficulty Breathing: Respiratory distress or the need for resuscitation at birth may indicate perinatal asphyxia.
• Poor Feeding or Sucking Difficulties: Weak sucking, difficulty swallowing, or excessive drooling can be signs of nerve damage or brain injury.
• Abnormal Movements: Jerky, spastic, or uncoordinated movements may point to a neurological problem.

Signs That May Appear in the First Few Months

• Delayed Milestones: Not lifting the head, rolling over, or reaching for objects at expected ages may indicate motor or neurological delays.
• Abnormal Muscle Tone: Persistent stiffness (hypertonia) or limpness (hypotonia) in arms or legs.
• Favoring One Side of the Body: A baby who consistently favors one side, such as keeping a hand clenched or not moving one arm, may have nerve or muscle damage.
• Unusual Crying or Irritability: Excessive fussiness, arching the back, or inconsolable crying can signal pain or discomfort from an injury.
• Struggles With Vision or Hearing: Lack of response to sights and sounds may indicate sensory impairments linked to a birth injury.

Seizures or jerking movements at home.

Long-Term Developmental Signs

• Speech or Cognitive Delays: Trouble with babbling, speech, or understanding language may suggest brain injury.
• Difficulty with Coordination and Motor Skills: Issues with crawling, walking, or grasping objects could be related to a birth-related nerve or muscle injury. Children with brain injuries can also sometimes be observed drooling excessively and/or toe walking.
• Persistent Muscle Weakness or Paralysis: Affected limbs or facial muscles may not function properly due to nerve damage.

If a birth injury is suspected, early diagnosis and intervention are important. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and medical treatments can improve long-term outcomes.

If you suspect a birth injury, taking the right steps as early as possible can help ensure your child gets the medical care and support they need. Here’s what you should do:

1. Seek Immediate Medical Attention

If you notice symptoms such as seizures, feeding difficulties, muscle stiffness, or developmental delays, consult a pediatrician or specialist as soon as possible. Early intervention can help improve your child’s long-term outlook.

2. Request a Thorough Medical Evaluation

Ask for a full medical evaluation, including:

• Neurological exams to assess brain function
• Imaging tests (MRI, CT scan) to check for brain injuries
• Developmental screenings to track motor and cognitive milestones
• Genetic testing to rule out hereditary conditions

3. Keep Detailed Medical Records

Document all medical visits, test results, diagnoses, and treatments. Keeping a record of symptoms, medications, and therapies will be important for both medical care and any potential legal action.

4. Consult a Birth Injury Specialist

Consider seeing a pediatric neurologist, physical therapist, or occupational therapist to help with treatment and therapy options. Early intervention programs can be critical for your child’s development.

5. Monitor Developmental Milestones

Compare your child’s growth and development with standard milestones. If they are significantly delayed in rolling over, sitting up, crawling, or walking, it may be a sign of a birth injury.

6. Contact Morgan & Morgan in Maryland

If you suspect that medical negligence or errors during labor and delivery caused the birth injury, consult an experienced birth injury attorney at Morgan & Morgan. Our team can review medical records for signs of malpractice, assess whether the injury could have been prevented, and pursue compensation for medical expenses, therapy, and long-term care.

Birth injuries can have a profound impact on families, affecting them emotionally, financially, and physically. The extent of the impact depends on the severity of the injury, the child’s long-term needs, and the level of support available.

Emotional and Psychological Impact

• Stress and Anxiety: Parents often experience overwhelming stress, fearing for their child’s future and dealing with uncertainty.
• Depression and Grief: Some families go through a grieving process, mourning the life they had envisioned for their child.
• Guilt and Blame: Parents may struggle with feelings of guilt, wondering if they could have done something differently.
• Strained Relationships: The emotional burden can put stress on marriages and family relationships, sometimes leading to conflict or even separation.
• Sibling Challenges: Siblings may feel neglected as parents focus on the injured child’s needs, leading to feelings of resentment or confusion.

Financial Burden

• Medical Bills: The cost of hospital stays, surgeries, therapy, and ongoing medical care can be overwhelming.
• Rehabilitation and Therapy Costs: Many children with birth injuries require physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy, which can be expensive over time.
• Assistive Devices and Home Modifications: Families may need to invest in wheelchairs, braces, communication devices, or even modify their homes for accessibility.
• Lost Income: Parents may need to reduce work hours or quit their jobs to provide full-time care for their child, leading to financial strain.

Long-Term Care and Lifestyle Adjustments

• Ongoing Medical Needs: Some birth injuries, like cerebral palsy or brain damage, require lifelong medical care.
• Educational Challenges: Children with developmental delays or disabilities may need special education services, tutoring, or individualized learning plans.
• Caregiver Responsibilities: Parents often become full-time caregivers, impacting their ability to work, socialize, or take care of themselves.
• Limited Mobility and Social Opportunities: Families may need to make adjustments to accommodate their child’s mobility and health needs in daily life.

Legal and Advocacy Challenges

• Seeking Justice: If the birth injury was caused by medical negligence, families may need to navigate legal battles to secure compensation.
• Advocating for Their Child: Parents often need to fight for their child’s rights, whether in healthcare, education, or disability services.

Birth injuries may result from medical negligence when healthcare providers fail to meet the accepted standard of care during pregnancy, labor, delivery, or postnatal treatment. When warning signs are missed or care is delayed, the consequences can be severe and lifelong.

Examples of negligence that may lead to birth injuries include:

• Failure to respond to fetal distress: Delays in performing an emergency C-section or intervening when oxygen levels drop can result in brain damage, cerebral palsy, or HIE.
• Improper use of forceps or vacuum devices: Misuse can cause skull fractures, nerve damage, brain bleeds, or brachial plexus injuries.
• Delayed C-section: Prolonged labor without timely surgical intervention may lead to oxygen deprivation.
• Medication errors: Incorrect dosing of labor-inducing drugs or anesthesia mistakes can harm both mother and baby.
• Failure to diagnose or treat maternal conditions: Untreated infections or pregnancy complications may cause serious birth injuries.
• Umbilical cord complications: Unaddressed cord issues can result in oxygen deprivation or stillbirth.
• Failure to treat severe jaundice: Untreated jaundice can lead to kernicterus and permanent neurological damage.

Determining whether negligence occurred usually requires a careful review of medical records and expert evaluation. An experienced attorney can help assess whether the standard of care may have been breached and explain your legal options.

A birth injury refers to harm an infant experiences during labor and delivery, often due to medical negligence, improper techniques, or a failure to respond appropriately to complications. These injuries may be temporary or permanent and can affect a child’s physical and cognitive development.

A birth defect, by contrast, is a condition present at birth that develops during pregnancy due to genetic, environmental, or unknown factors. Unlike birth injuries, most birth defects are not caused by errors during labor or delivery, though in some cases, a failure to detect or treat them in a timely manner may involve medical negligence.

Key Differences Between Birth Injuries and Birth Defects

• Timing: Birth injuries occur during labor and delivery, while birth defects develop in the womb.
• Cause: Birth injuries are often preventable and may result from medical negligence, while birth defects typically stem from genetic, environmental, or unknown causes.
• Treatment: Some birth injuries may improve with treatment and therapy, while birth defects often require ongoing medical care.

Can birth defects be misdiagnosed as birth injuries?

Yes, some birth defects may initially present symptoms similar to birth injuries. However, thorough medical evaluations and expert analysis can help distinguish between the two and determine whether negligence may have played a role.

Not all birth injuries are preventable, but many can be avoided with proper medical care before, during, and after delivery. Prevention depends on healthcare providers meeting the appropriate standard of care and parents staying informed about potential risks.

Steps that may help reduce the risk of birth injuries include:

Proper Prenatal Care

Regular checkups help monitor fetal development and identify complications such as gestational diabetes, infections, or high blood pressure. High-risk pregnancies should be closely managed and referred to specialists when necessary.

Monitoring for Fetal Distress

Continuous monitoring during labor can detect oxygen deprivation or abnormal heart rates. Prompt intervention, including a timely C-section, can prevent brain injuries such as HIE or cerebral palsy.

Careful Use of Delivery Tools

Forceps and vacuum extractors must be used correctly and cautiously to avoid skull fractures, nerve injuries, or brain bleeds.

Preventing Oxygen Deprivation

Complications such as cord compression, placental abruption, or prolonged labor require a swift medical response to protect the baby’s oxygen supply.

Responsible Medication Use

Labor-inducing drugs and anesthesia must be administered carefully to avoid excessive contractions or other complications.

Monitoring and Treating Jaundice

Early detection and treatment of newborn jaundice can prevent kernicterus and long-term neurological damage.

Parental Awareness

Parents who recognize warning signs and seek prompt care may help reduce the risk of further harm.

If a birth injury is caused by delayed intervention, improper techniques, or a failure to monitor complications, it may be considered medical malpractice. In those cases, families may have legal options to pursue compensation for medical care and long-term support.

Whether your child’s condition qualifies for a birth injury lawsuit depends on three key factors: negligence, harm, and preventability.

Was there medical negligence?

A claim may exist if a healthcare provider failed to meet the accepted standard of care during pregnancy, labor, delivery, or postnatal treatment. Examples can include failing to respond to fetal distress, delaying a necessary C-section, misusing delivery tools, or failing to diagnose and treat complications.

Did the injury cause significant harm?

To pursue a lawsuit, the injury must have resulted in measurable harm, such as brain injury, cerebral palsy, nerve damage, cognitive impairment, or other long-term medical needs.

Was the injury preventable?

A central question is whether the injury could have been avoided with proper medical care. If timely intervention or appropriate monitoring would likely have prevented the harm, legal action may be appropriate.

Because birth injury cases are medically complex, determining eligibility typically requires a detailed review of medical records and expert evaluation. An experienced birth injury attorney in Maryland can assess your situation and explain your legal options during a free case review.

Liability for a birth injury depends on what happened and who was involved in the child’s care. In many cases, responsibility may extend beyond just one provider. Potentially liable parties can include:

• Obstetricians (OB/GYNs): Doctors managing pregnancy and delivery may be responsible if they failed to respond to fetal distress, delayed a necessary C-section, misused delivery tools, or failed to monitor oxygen levels.
• Midwives: If a midwife mishandled labor, failed to recognize complications, or did not refer a high-risk situation to a physician, they may be held accountable.
• Anesthesiologists: Mistakes in administering or monitoring anesthesia during labor can result in serious complications for both the mother and the baby.
• Nurses and labor & delivery staff: Medical staff may be liable if they failed to properly monitor vital signs, report complications, or follow established protocols.
• Hospitals and medical facilities: Hospitals can be responsible for inadequate staffing, poor training, faulty equipment, or unsafe policies that contribute to preventable injuries.
• Pediatricians or neonatologists: Doctors responsible for newborn care may be liable if they fail to diagnose or treat serious conditions after birth, such as jaundice, infections, or oxygen-related injuries.
• Product or drug manufacturers: In some cases, a defective medical device or dangerous medication may contribute to the injury.

To hold any party responsible, it must be shown that they failed to meet the accepted standard of care and that this failure directly caused the injury. This typically requires:

• A detailed review of medical records
• Expert medical testimony
• Evidence of the injury and its long-term impact

Because birth injury cases are medically complex, determining responsibility often requires careful investigation and expert evaluation.

If a birth injury is caused by medical negligence, families may be entitled to compensation for both financial losses and the long-term effects of the injury. Damages generally fall into three categories: economic, non-economic, and, in rare cases, punitive damages.

Economic Damages (Financial Losses)

These damages cover measurable costs related to the injury, including:

• Medical expenses: Past and future care such as treatments, surgeries, therapy, medications, hospital stays, and specialized services
• Assistive devices and equipment: Wheelchairs, communication devices, prosthetics, or other necessary aids
• Rehabilitation costs: Physical, occupational, or cognitive therapy
• Home modifications: Accessibility updates like ramps or widened doorways for long-term needs
• Lost income: Wages lost by parents who may need to reduce work hours to provide care
• Future earning capacity: If the child’s condition affects their ability to work later in life

Non-Economic Damages (Personal Impact)

These damages address the non-financial effects of a birth injury, such as:

• Pain and suffering
• Emotional distress experienced by the child or family
• Loss of enjoyment of life due to long-term or permanent disability
• Loss of consortium in certain circumstances

Punitive Damages (Rare)

In cases involving particularly egregious or reckless conduct, courts may award punitive damages to punish the responsible party and discourage similar behavior.

Because birth injury cases often involve lifelong care needs, compensation is typically determined with input from medical and financial experts to account for both current and future impacts.

The amount of compensation you can recover depends on various factors, including:

• Severity of the injury: The more severe the birth injury and its long-term impact on your child, the higher the compensation.
• Duration of care needed: The longer the child requires medical attention, therapy, or rehabilitation, the higher the potential compensation for future care costs.
• Evidence of negligence: The strength of the evidence proving medical malpractice or negligence will directly impact the success and amount of the compensation.
• State-specific laws: Some states have caps on non-economic damages (pain and suffering), which may limit compensation in certain cases. Maryland imposes caps on non-economic damages in medical malpractice claims, which can affect the amount recoverable for pain and suffering. Birth injury cases in Maryland are generally treated as medical negligence claims and often require detailed medical records, expert review, and a life care plan to assess long-term needs.
• Financial impact on the family: The ability of the parents to continue working and the amount of lost income will affect the damages awarded.

A birth injury lawsuit typically follows a structured path, beginning with a case review and, if appropriate, progressing through investigation, negotiation, and potentially trial. While details can vary, most cases include the following steps:

• Case evaluation: An attorney reviews medical records, the circumstances of the birth, and whether there is evidence of medical negligence. If the case appears viable, the process moves forward.
• Investigation: The legal team collects records and works with qualified medical experts to assess whether the standard of care was breached and whether that breach caused the injury.
• Filing the lawsuit: If supported by evidence, a formal complaint is filed against the responsible parties, which may include doctors, nurses, hospitals, or other providers.
• Discovery: Both sides exchange information, take sworn testimony (depositions), and obtain expert opinions to build their cases.
• Settlement or trial: Many cases are resolved through negotiated settlements. If a fair agreement cannot be reached, the case may proceed to trial, where a judge or jury decides liability and damages.
• Resolution: If compensation is awarded through a settlement or verdict, payment is made to cover medical care, long-term needs, and other damages. In some cases, appeals may follow.

Because birth injury claims can be medically and legally complex, experienced legal guidance is important throughout the process.

Insurance companies often play a central role in birth injury cases, as they are typically responsible for paying compensation. Most doctors, hospitals, and healthcare providers carry medical malpractice insurance, which covers legal defense costs as well as settlements or verdicts when negligence is established.

When a claim is filed, the provider’s insurance company is notified. An adjuster is assigned to investigate the case by reviewing medical records, consulting experts, and evaluating whether the policy covers the alleged negligence. The insurer also hires defense attorneys to represent the medical professional or facility.

Settlement Negotiations

In many cases, insurance companies play a role in negotiating a settlement before trial. However, they often seek to limit payouts and may offer less than the full value of a claim. They may also try to resolve cases quickly to avoid the cost and risk of litigation.

If a fair settlement cannot be reached, the case may move forward to trial. The insurance company typically handles the defense and pays any damages awarded, up to the limits of the policy.

Coverage Limits and Long-Term Needs

Malpractice policies have financial limits, which can affect how much compensation is available. In catastrophic birth injury cases involving lifelong care, additional legal strategies may be necessary if damages exceed policy limits.

If an insurance company denies a claim, delays payment, or acts unfairly, further legal action may be required.

In short, insurance companies provide financial coverage and defense in birth injury claims, but their goal is often to minimize liability, which is why experienced legal representation can be critical.

The deadline for filing a birth injury lawsuit, known as the statute of limitations, varies by state and depends on the specific circumstances of the case. These timelines can be complex, especially in medical negligence claims, which many birth injury cases involve.

In some situations, exceptions may apply. For example, special rules may extend or modify the filing deadline in cases involving minors, government entities, or injuries that were not immediately discovered. Some states also impose an additional outside deadline, often called a statute of repose, which can limit how long after the incident a claim may be filed, regardless of when the injury was discovered.

Because these timelines can vary based on when the injury was identified, who is involved, and state-specific requirements, it’s important to speak with an attorney as soon as possible.

Filing within the applicable deadline is critical. Missing the statute of limitations may result in your case being dismissed and could prevent you from recovering compensation. An experienced attorney can help determine the deadlines that apply to your situation and ensure your claim is filed properly and on time.

Some states have specialized compensation programs for certain catastrophic birth-related injuries that operate outside the traditional court system.

Maryland does not have a separate birth injury compensation program. Birth injury claims are generally pursued as medical malpractice cases within the civil court system.

This typically requires establishing medical negligence through detailed medical records, expert testimony, and evidence of long-term care needs. An attorney can evaluate the specific facts of your case and explain your legal options under Maryland law.

No. Consultations at Morgan & Morgan are completely free. We believe everyone deserves access to legal advice, regardless of their financial situation.

Hiring one of our birth injury attorneys in Maryland is easy, and you can get started in minutes with a free case evaluation on our site or by phone.

When you hire Morgan & Morgan in Maryland, you don’t just hire a lawyer; you hire the largest personal injury law firm in the country with an army of over 1,000 attorneys and offices in all 50 states and Washington, D.C.

Your case will be handled by a dedicated team of professionals, including personal injury lawyers, paralegals, and support staff. You will be assigned a care team that includes a primary attorney who will oversee your case and ensure you receive personalized attention throughout the process.

We prioritize staying connected with our clients. Most communication will take place with your Case Manager by phone or email, and if you would like to speak directly with your attorney, we can arrange a scheduled call.

Morgan & Morgan’s lawyers work on a contingency fee basis, meaning that there are no upfront fees or expenses until your case comes to a successful conclusion. That’s right—the Fee Is Free™, and you only pay if we win.

Our fee is a percentage of the settlement or verdict amount, ensuring we are motivated to achieve the best possible outcome for you.

At Morgan & Morgan, our experienced attorneys have represented clients in cases like yours. As the largest personal injury law firm in the country, with over 1,000 attorneys nationwide, we have the resources, knowledge, and commitment to advocate for your rights. We’ve recovered more than $30 billion for clients across the country, and insurers know we’re prepared to fight.

If you’re in Maryland, our team can help review what happened, gather records, and explain your legal options.

We work on a contingency fee basis, meaning you won’t have to pay unless we win your case. Morgan & Morgan believes justice should be accessible to all, so our motto is the Fee Is Free™; you only pay if we win.

Contact Morgan & Morgan today for a free case evaluation to learn more about your legal options.