The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is one of four ligaments in the knee. It connects the thigh bone (femur) and the shin bone (tibia). Its purpose is to prevent the inner portion of the joint from widening under stress by providing resistance for the knee. The ligament is often damaged due to a direct blow to the outside of the knee.
There are varying degrees of damage that can be done to the MCL. In the most minor of cases, there is mild tenderness on the inside of the knee but usually without any swelling, and there is pain when the knee is bent at 30 degrees and force is applied. In more severe cases, the ligament tears completely, and when force is applied to the knee there is significant laxity, making the knee seem wobbly and unstable.
Following an MCL injury, RICE (Rest, Ice Compression, Elevation) should be applied. A hinged knee brace is usually needed to support the joint. A sports massage and rehabilitation program help to accelerate rehabilitation time. In serious cases, surgery may be needed.
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