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Home » Consumer Information » Sports Injuries

Knee Injuries

Knee injuries are the most popular reason for a visit to an orthopedic surgeon. In 2003, 19.4 million visits were made to a doctor regarding knee problems. Knee pain can be related to overuse, small stresses placed on the knee several times without allowing adequate recovery, for example running too much too soon, or excessive jumping. Knee pain can also be acute when the injury is caused by an impact or twisting of the knee, as is the case with many anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. An overuse injury could be considered acute if it is painful or inflamed.

Injuries to the ligaments in the knees are very common, particularly in athletes. The ACL is one of the most commonly injured ligaments. It can be torn with quick changes in direction, while slowing down to stop running, and when landing from a jump. Those who participate in skiing, basketball and sports requiring cleats are particularly prone to this type of injury. The MCL and the PCL are also commonly injured ligaments, due to direct blows to the knee, usually in contact sports such as football and soccer. The knee's meniscus, the cartilage that is attached to the ligaments in the knee, can be torn when twisting, cutting, pivoting, changing speeds or during a tackle.

Knee injuries are often the result of an accident and can not be prevented. However, some problems can be prevented by taking the following precautions:

  • An athlete should always warm up prior to exercising.
  • Stretching front and back thighs muscles helps to warm up the knees.
  • Strengthening the leg muscles through riding a bicycle or weight lifting prepares the body for intense physical activity.
  • Always gradually increase the intensity and duration of workouts so that the body is prepared for what is demanded of it.
  • Proper fitting shoes help to support the legs, and a healthy body weight keeps unnecessary pressure off of the knees.

There are several ways to know if the knee has been significantly injured and a doctor should be consulted. A popping noise is the first sign that a serious injury has taken place. There will also be severe pain and significant swelling. Immobility is another result of a major injury.

The severity of the injury will determine the treatment. In general, mild injuries are treated according to the RICE method (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation). Injured knees should be rested, and walking should only take place with crutches. Serious knee injuries often require surgery and physical therapy, and recovery time is usually several months.

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